Pride and Prejudice Essay Example

Pride and Prejudice Essay Written during the Napoleonic Wars times, Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice seems to be a story of the pursuit for true love that lies far beyond first impressions but looking deeper into her work her true purpose reveals itself to be to inspire independence and self worth within women. With men being sent away to fight the war, women, for the first time in their lives, were left to be independent and to fend for themselves. Their entire lives they always had someone to take care of them whether it was their father or their husband women were not expected to live on their own.Within Austen’s novel, Elizabeth is the only female that goes against Regency society’s social norm in search for a true relationship fueled by love and passion going against the idea women are defined by the man that asks for their hand in marriage. Social wealth trumped all but could only be achieved for women through a high class husband; women meant nothing without a man to rely on. Aust en’s depiction of female characters within the novel portray Regency society’s blatant disregard for anything but monetary status. One’s monetary status determined everything from where one lived to whom one married.The entire society was fueled by wealth and reputation, yet reputation was dependent on your wealth. Take for instance Mrs. Bennet; her sole purpose in existing was to wed her daughters to wealthy husbands. She obsessed over ensuring her daughters were going to be well off. Her behavior resulted from the societal pressure that restricted women’s financial wellbeing to marriage. It wasn’t just a matter of being rich or poor women were completely worthless if they didn’t have a man to be completely reliant on. An unwed woman was deemed unrespectable and forced into doing petty jobs in order to generate money to support herself.Men during this time seemed to be the only key to happiness to women, without a husband to provide for the m their lives were utterly miserable. Marrying for love was unheard of. Although making husbands happy was undoubtedly important, women’s happiness didn’t matter; women meant little to the common good, serving only to be good for house making and mothering children. Most women just accepted their fate and came to terms that they would marry whomever their wealthiest offer came from and they would devote their entire lives to a stranger in order to please their family and uphold their family name. None of the women wanted to shame their amily and be petty enough to look for love. Just as in the case of Mr. Collins, he came to town determined to find a wife to take back home with him. He set his sights on Elizabeth and he proposed to her without a shadow of a doubt that she would accept his offer, but to his surprise she promptly denied. She simply stated, â€Å"You could not make me happy, and I am convinced that I am the last women in world who could make you so† (102). It was unheard of for a woman to do such a shocking thing. Mrs. Bennet put forth her best effort to force Elizabeth to marry Mr. Collins because, although odd, he was a respectable husband to have.Having a comfortable home with a respectable man was all any woman could hope for, but Elizabeth principles outweighed the pressure she faced from society. Charlotte Lucas on the other hand felt doomed to be an old maid with no money, so she decided to marry Mr. Collins in order to have a comfortable life. She stated to Lizzie, â€Å"Happiness in marriage [is] entirely a matter of chance† (21). She could barely even tolerate Mr. Collins but she pushed her happiness aside and married for stability and money. Charlotte felt it was better to marry for convenience then to risk being alone the rest of her life.It was every woman’s duty to marry in order to increase her family’s wealth and therefore overall worth in society. Men in the novel had their own selfish ag endas when looking for a spouse. Mr. Wickham’s sole purpose for looking for a wife was just to receive an extra source of income. He had tried to marry Miss Darcy, but quickly ended that relationship, with not a hint of remorse, when he discovered he would not receive a penny of Miss Darcy’s inheritance. Lydia was used as a pawn by Mr. Wickham in order to establish prosperity and wealth. Lydia meant only a paycheck to Mr. Wickham. Mr.Wickham didn’t even express the slightest amount of regret for using an innocent girl, who didn’t know any better, in order to gain money. He tricked her into believing that he loved her when in fact he was just taking advantage of her naive nature. Mr. Wickham didn’t care at all he was going to shame the Bennet family name by running away with Lydia; he had no interest in marrying the young girl without a large sum of money beforehand. Lydia is so ill witted that she doesn’t even care about the shame she brough t her family, instead she waste time boasting about being a â€Å"married woman. † Men took advantage of women’s dependence on eing married. Marriage was treated as a business ordeal. Mr. Collins went spouse hunting in order to please his patron Lady Catherine. She stated to him, â€Å"A clergyman like you must marry† (100). The pressure he felt from Lady Catherine de Bourgh made his search for a wife even more desperately urgent. Love was a foreign idea when deciding who to marry; most men were just looking to benefit themselves when looking for a woman to call their wife. Austen used Elizabeth to prove that the only way to overcome society’s shallow standards and find actual happiness was to go against society and stand up for what you believe in.Women allowed society to walk on top of them, but Elizabeth on the other hand was a strong woman who refused to be like other women and stood up for herself and her pursuit in looking for love. Elizabeth knew l ife without being happy and experiencing love was pointless and she was determined to find love or die trying. Elizabeth’s intellect prevailed much greater than most of the other women characters and she possessed much more independence. Elizabeth took time to become an educated human being with morals. She preferred reading alone to spending pointless hours socializing with people she didn’t even like.She chose to be fearless and defy society’s standards. Elizabeth’s duty to herself shone through quite frequently and was proven when she stood up to Lady Catherine de Bourgh. She ignores the fact that Lady Catherine is of high society and declares, â€Å"I am only resolved to act in a manner which will, in my own opinion, constitute my happiness, without reference to you, or any person so wholly unconnected with me† (322). Although a woman standing up for herself was unacceptable, Elizabeth denounced society’s expectations in order to fulfill her personal morals.In Pride and Prejudice, Austen uses Elizabeth to show the strains and limitations women faced in Regency society, with their ultimate ambition in life to be finding a wealthy spouse to be reliant on. Elizabeth Bennet goes against society’s expectations yet ends up the happiest character within the book, proving overallmen are not superior over women. Women have the capability to do anything a man can and should not be treated just as a piece of property.Work Cited Pride and Prejudice. Chicago, Ill: M. A. Donohue amp; Co. , 2005. Print. Pride and Prejudice Essay Example Pride and Prejudice Essay Marriage As A Social Contract In Jane Austen’s ‘Pride And Prejudice’ â€Å". It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife†. With these famous words, Jane Austen launched into what has come to be regarded by many as the greatest romance novel of all time. Written in late 1790’s England, in a time of radical social upheaval and political change, ‘Pride and Prejudice’ presents a mixed bag of social ideas relating to marriage, the meaning of femininity, love and the fluidity of class structure. The time of writing put ‘Pride and Prejudice’ in the middle of a fictional war of ideas between female writers of the time, arriving as it does at a sort of middle ground between the feminist views of Mary Wollstonecraft and the more rural traditionalist views of Hannah More (Jones, V. , ‘Introduction to â€Å"Pride and Prejudice†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢, (1996) London: Penguin). This lead to much confusion among critics as to exactly what Austen’s views regarding marriage and feminism were, and in many cases continues to do so today. In this essay I will attempt to clear up some of this ambiguity, while closely examining the idea of marriage itself, the nature of the ‘social contract’, and the social and historical background to the idea of marriage as a social contract In ‘The Sadeian Woman’, Angela Carter states that â€Å"The marriage bed is a particularly delusive refuge from the world, because all wives of necessity fuck by contract† (Carter, Angela, ‘The Sadeian Woman’, pg. 9, (1978) ). Unfortunately for Ms. Elizabeth Bennet, it cannot be denied that she is a â€Å"wife of necessity†. We will write a custom essay sample on Pride and Prejudice specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Pride and Prejudice specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Pride and Prejudice specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Effectively disinherited through the fine print of their father’s will, the Bennet girls and their neurotic mother are to become penniless on the death of Mr. Bennet, unless they can find themselves a rich husband. Elizabeth’s initial disapproval of Mr. Darcy and his pride seems to undergo a radical upheaval on her visit to Pemberley, Darcy’s ancestral estate, as she herself admits – when discussing with her sister the progress of her feeling’s for Mr. Darcy, she states â€Å"I believe it must date from my first seeing his beautiful grounds at Pemberley† (p301). Certain critics have therefore claimed that Elizabeth Bennet is mercenary in her reasons for marriage to Mr. Darcy. This apparently gold-digging behaviour would suggest an attempt by Elizabeth not only to retain, but also to improve, her class status, and therefore to fall in line with rural traditionalism as laid out in Edmund Burke’s ‘Reflections on the Revolution in France’. As Elizabeth Bennet is Austen’s heroine, and therefore a character of whom she writes very favourably, it could be supposed that Austen’s attitude towards marriage, and the position of women in society, in writing this book was one of traditional rural conservatism. However, before we can accept this supposition, we must recall that Elizabeth has already turned down two well-off potential husbands – one of them being Mr. Darcy himself! – in an attempt to hold out for true love and personal happiness. Her disgust at the proposal of the unbelievably boring and rude Mr. Collins was surpassed only by her shock at discovering that her best friend, Charlotte Lucas, had consented to marry him instead. Unabashedly mercenary, Ms. Lucas declares that marriage is a woman’s â€Å"pleasantest preservative from want† but that it is â€Å"uncertain of giving happiness† (p. 03) (Jones, V. , etc). Elizabeth, on the other hand, claims to believe in marriage for love, and holds her own individual happiness as a personal goal. This portrayal of the heroine as a creature of emotion and feeling, as opposed to a rational, logical and slightly more masculine figure, would assume Austen to be in favour of the theories of such feminist thinkers of the time as Mary Wollstonecraft – a staunch opposer of the writings of Edmund Burke. What, then, is Austen’s stance towards marriage as seen in ‘Pride and Prejudice’? Is she a romantic feminist or a rural traditionalist? My personal belief is that Austen is neither – I would suggest that she, in fact, manages to reach a happy compromise between the two. Austen clearly applauds Elizabeth Bennet’s Wollstonecraftian behaviour in rushing across the countryside to Netherfield to take care of her sister Jane in her illness as she describes Elizabeth’s appearance afterwards in very favourable terms, and highlights how it contributes to Darcy’s growing attraction to her, mentioning â€Å"the brilliancy which exercise had given to her complexion† (p. 0). However, it is also apparent that Austen is in support of the traditional Burkean notion of family and marriage, as the novel finishes with both Jane and Elizabeth happily and prosperously married to men who are their social betters. Both women marry above themselves and secure financial and social stability for both themselves and their families, thus falling in line wit h what would have been expected of well-brought up young rural ladies. Austen’s achievement in writing ‘Pride and Prejudice’ was, therefore, to show that Wollstonecraftian femininity could exist alongside and within the rural traditionalist ideals of Edmund Burke. Marriage in the time of Jane Austen was neither a religious sacrament (as the predominant English religion of the time, and Austen’s religion, Anglicanism, did not view marriage as a sacrament) nor a symbol of romantic love. In Enlightenment England, marriage was rather a necessity, the ultimate aim of all self-respecting young women. Women were, from birth, trained for their inevitable final position as a mother, wife, chef, and household head. Education was not about schooling in the ways and knowledge of the world, but rather the acquisition of a rich store of ‘accomplishments’ – painting, musical talent, singing, embroidery essentially the marketable skills of a desirable, and socially respectable, wife. Not only was marriage expected by men to be the desire of all women, but it was also, in fact, a means to an end. Women married to secure their status in society and often to improve their social standing, or ‘move up a rung’ in the all-pervading class hierarchy of the era. ‘Pride And Prejudice’ was no exception to this rule. Take the most obvious examples of Elizabeth and Jane Bennet. On a first glance, these women marry for love and for happiness – ‘Pride And Prejudice’ is clearly a classic romance novel. However, constantly bubbling away on the backburner is the undeniable reality of the Bennets’ impending impoverishment, should they fail to secure rich husbands. Effectively disinherited by the fine print of their father’s will, the future of their whole family is staked on their choice of suitors, now that they have reached marriageable age – as is reflected very effectively by Mrs. Bennet’s neuroticism! Aside from the personal difficulties of the Bennet family, there lies in the background of ‘Pride And Prejudice’ the grim historical reality of the time. 1790’s England was a time of â€Å"political crisis and social mobility† (Jones, V. etc), a time when the stability and power of the rural ruling class was threatened by the upwardly mobile ‘nouveau riche’ merchant class and the increasingly outspoken and demanding working class. Marriage, family – these were seen as social institutions, traditions essential for the preservation of the supremacy of the ruling gentry that the Darcys, the Bingleys, and to a lesser extent the Bennets. Marriage was, for the members of this clas s, a means of preserving their social position, protecting the integrity of the class structure, and upholding the rural traditions essential for their survival. When we say then that marriage in Jane Austen’s ‘Pride And Prejudice’ can be viewed as being a kind of social contract, we mean in so far as it enabled the women of the time to amass fortune and social respect, and allowed their men to protect the ruling culture which was threatened at this time by outside political influences. Marriage was a mutually beneficial agreement between the man and the woman – in exchange for the woman’s inheritance (if any), body, and the social respectability and support of the rural traditions that possession of an ‘accomplished’ wife offered, the man gave financial support and social status. This leads to charges of marriage being akin to â€Å"legal prostitution† (Wollstonecraft, Mary: A Vindication of The Rights of Woman) – women were seen by some as selling their bodies for societal betterment. Mr. Darcy is naturally the object of the mercenary desires of the women of Pemberley, as he is rumoured to be in receipt of a fortune of ten thousand pounds a year – it has been said by some commentators that Elizabeth Bennet merely falls prey to these mercenary desires, and engages in a marriage as a social contract, using romantic love as an excuse, not a reason, for unity with Darcy. I must disagree – I feel this argument has a critical flaw, in so far as Elizabeth not only turns down Darcy at his first proposal, while being fully aware of his riches (although perhaps not yet confronted with all the glory of Pemberley), but also refuses the advances of the well-off, yet exceedingly boring, Mr. Collins. If Elizabeth Bennet were purely mercenary in her designs, why then would she turn down two apparently suitable matches in an attempt to hold out for her goal of personal happiness? How then can we summarise the view of marriage as a social contract in ‘Pride And Prejudice’? Firstly, I think it is important to note that Austen did not set out to write a feminist text, denouncing the marital and romantic traditions of the ruling class. Her heroine, Elizabeth Bennet, does finally settle down with a man who would have been viewed in anybody’s eyes as being a most suitable and socially acceptable match for her. Darcy provides wealth, respect, security, and an elevated position in society – all of which were the most desirable attributes for a prospective husband of the era. However, the novel is not entirely traditionalist, praising as it does the actions of a heroine who defies her mother in order to please herself long-term, who engages in plenty of outdoor activity usually viewed as unbecoming to a young lady of status, and who openly speaks her mind regarding the behaviour of Mr. Darcy. As I stated earlier, Austen seems to come to a happy compromise between Wollstonecraftian feminism and the staunch traditionalism of such writers as Hannah More. Similarly, Austen appears to compromise between two marital viewpoints – that which would view marriage purely as a social contract, a means to an end, and that which would promote a more romantic version of marital unity. Marriage as a social contract is, then, rampant in ‘Pride And Prejudice’ – we can see it clearly in the marriage of Charlotte Lucas to Mr. Collins – and could be seen as being something of a necessity to young women, to preserve their social standing. However, it is clear that Austen does not neglect a romantic viewpoint, presenting as she does two beautiful young women who are both madly in love with their chosen husbands . References: Austen, Jane, ‘Pride And Prejudice’, (1813) Burke, Edmund, ‘Reflections on The Revolution in France’, (1790) Carter, Angela, ‘The Sadeian Woman’, (1978) Jones, V. , ‘Introduction to â€Å"Pride And Prejudice†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢, (1996), London: Penguin Classics Wollstonecraft, Mary, ‘A Vindication of The Rights of Woman’, (1792)